Visiting Cairo Giza pyramids

Giza pyramids

 

There are three pyramids at Giza, each of which once had an adjoining mortuary temple. Attached to this temple would have been a covered causeway descending down to a valley temple, near the Nile. The 'great' pyramid itself is truly an astonishing work of engineering skill - for over four thousands years, until the modern era, it was the tallest building in the world.

The age of the first ancient wonders of the world began with the pyramids of Sneferu, he built three pyramids and may have had a hand in others. His pyramid at Medum began as a step pyramid and was then modified to form the first true pyramid. He built two pyramids at Dahshur one called the Bent Pyramid because its upper part has a shallower angle of inclination than the lower part.

Seneferu's Bent pyramid at Dahshur was originally planned as a true pyramid, but its geometry was altered at a point just above half its height. The angle of incline was decreased from 54º 31' 13'' to 43º 21'.

 When Khufu, also known as Cheops, became pharaoh one of his first acts was to curtail the growing power of the priesthood. He "shut up all the temples and forbade sacrifices". As a priest’s living came from performing these rituals it is not surprising that Khufu was unpopular with the religious orders.

 Khufu's pyramid at Giza showing the plan of passages and burial chamber.

Some believe that his pyramid at Giza was built by slaves but this is not true. One hundred thousand people worked on it for three months of each year. This was the time of the Nile's annual flood which made it impossible to farm the land and most of the population was unemployed. He provided good food and clothing for his workers and was kindly remembered in folk tales for many centuries.

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Visit Alexandria Egypt

Alexandria

Alexandria was the Egyptian gate to Europe and the Mediterranean countries, and the forefront of Pharaonic , Coptic and Islamic civilization as revealed in its monuments. Thus it has been and still is a cultural center of learning.

when Alexander the Macedonian , son of Greek king Philip arrived in Egypt in hot pursuit of the Persians , the traditional enemy of the Greeks , he succeeded in beating them with the help of Egyptians who responded favorably to him because he respected their religion and did not obligate them to abandon it . When the war was over , Egypt 's priests crowned Alexander as a pharaoh. In 331 B.C. Alexandria named after its founder, Alexander the great , was completed.

The city was first considered as a capital of Egypt, which could secure stable government and an invulnerable fortress to fend off any impending threat against Egypt from the Mediterranean. However ,the city later developed as "the chief entrance for thriving trade between the Mediterranean world and the East"

The original site was close to the ancient finishing hamlet called Rhachotis (Raqoodah) , lying between the present site of Qait Bey Citadel and Ras el Teen Palace , taking advantage of the shelter provided by Pharos Island

 Alexandria was a model walled city , built according to the Hellenistic Gridiron plan of the architect Dinocrates (Chessboard plan) . One century after its creation, Alexandria become the largest city in the ancient world.

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